If the KI525 (HSI) quits first, get the G5, GAD29b, and GMU11 to replace it and still drive the KFC200. In VOR navigation, each dot corresponds to a deviation of two degrees, allowing a total of +/- 10 degrees. As you can tell (or as you might know from personal Start your free trial today! This indicator is mostly found in the light aircrafts and is of electromechanical type. Use the Course Select Knob (10) to turn the Course Select Pointer (7) to match the desired course on the Compass Card (1). The RMI does not contain an TO and FROM indication, and presents the Relative bearing to the pilot just like the Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI). When used as a display of engine information for normally aspirated or turbocharged piston engines from Continental and Lycoming four- or six-cylinder engines, the GI 275 can display RPM, manifold pressure, cylinder head temperature, exhaust gas temperature, turbine inlet temperature and more, including leaning assist, while also issuing alerts The deviation pointer will show zero deviation when the aircraft is flying on the desired radial. These individual display components offer reliable replacement/upgrade solutions that scale to meet your mission requirements. The HSI is an improvement on the standalone CDI instrument in that it takes into consideration your actual heading. The HSI stands for Horizontal Situation Indicator. Aircraft Owners & Pilots Association Find it free on the store. it provides both left right deviation along with glide slope information as well as heading indication in turns. The GI 275 can also be interfaced to a variety of traffic systems, including select Traffic Advisory (TAS) and Traffic Alert and When pilots replace an older mechanical CDI or HSI, the GI 275 doubles as a modern digital indicator and adds MFD-like capabilities such as a moving map, weather, traffic and terrain. Primary Attitude Primary Slip Primary Direction Indication Probeless Angle Of Attack Indicated Airspeed (KTS/MPH) Altitude / Vertical Trend / Alerter +8 / -8 G-Meter OAT / TAS / Density Altitude "Dots out" may be a common measure pilots use to measure their tracking skills, but review the lateral displacements those dots represent. On the HSI, a small magenta diamond indicates the aircraft's current ground track. Why do pilots use airways instead of just "flying direct" every time? It doesnt matter where youre headed or what youre doingif youre on the shaded side of the feather, the CDI is to the left. The locations of VOR stations are shown on aeronautical charts, along with their frequencies. Current track is shown by the white line from the tip of the aircraft symbol to the compass arc. Initially, OBSs were connected to a NAV indicator that worked with a VOR receiver. If the two are different the appropriate fly-left or fly-right signals are derived and presented to the pilot. The approach angle is 6.59 degrees. Sometimes decisions are out of your control. I think part of the reason these terms get a bit confusing According to the moving map I was right where I was supposed to be, but the HSI was showing the localizer and the glideslope were not coming in. In X-Plane, that type of switch can be placed on the panel, variants exist that have either NAV1/NAV2/GPS/FMS or subsets of sources selectable. CDI includes a review of disease process, diagnostic findings, and what the documentation might be missing. CDI sensitivity refers to the scaling of the CDI deflection scale. Perhaps you once learned to fly an NDB approach. Sometimes it is also called Pictorial Navigation Indicator. used to set the heading of the airplane and if you change the heading with the I flew with 'frustrating' CDI and when I discovered there was a thing called HSI which I thought it was an absolutely miraculous piece of hardware. Get the 23 resources I wish I had at the start of my aviation journey in an easy-to-reference PDF. RNAV/LNAV do not use any ground based input, with lateral & vertical guidance down to 200 feet above the runway. But, they were developed with a conventional navigation VOR/LOC indicator. HSI in my small plane is GPS driven. Take a close look along the length of a propeller, from the tip towards the spinner, and you will likely notice that it looks like the propeller twists. Check out this manual from the FAA on flight instruments. During the reception of a LOC signal each dot on the CDI scale corresponds to a deviation of 0.5 degrees, a full deflection is 2.5 degrees off course. the magnetic compass difficult to interpret. ). When part of Pilots know theyre on an airway by setting the OBS to match the airway course printed on the chart. Because of this there is a real downside to the standalone CDI instrument and that is you can have reverse sensing. The Course Select Pointer (7), often simply called Cursor, is set by the pilot using the Course Select Knob (10) to the desired VOR or LOC course which is shown under the head of the arrow while the tail marks the reciprocal course. The only exposure I have ever had to an HSI is on the private and instrument written tests and it didn't seem very intuitive to me. HEI conversion see here. Of course, GPS satellite navigation is taking over, but VORs serve as an important backup for pilots if their GPS receivers fail. Comparing specs between it and the MSD 6AL-2 this would be the one that I would pick, hands down. Adaptable to a full range of instrument formats and functions, our GI 275 electronic display lets you keep the classic look of your Warning flags to indicate unreliable information. An old-school CDI view (right) is also available. One will never see both flags like in the descriptive image on the right. RMI has a rotating compass card hence is capable of indicating the heading of the aircraft. Another difference is the VOR can be used in expanded mode to achieve more accuracy. An alternator-caution light had marked the flight, which was soon to be established on the destinations ILS approach. Both of these components are found on a navigation radio, and they are connected to one another. Course Select knob which is use to select the desired course radial. ;) HSI_bug.trk The RMI is generally a stand by instrument. A standalone CDI ADDRESS : 120 Airport Avenue West Venice, FL 34285. The CDI represents the localizer. I've been flying since I was 14 years old and have loved every minute of pursuing aviation ever since. Say were coming from the south and were on the localizer south course, headed north. If the location of the aircraft is to the left of course, the needle deflects to the right, and vice versa. Next, weve completed the procedure turn and were inbound on the back course. Those rules are the takeaway from the previous article. The well known drift of a standard Directional Gyro is usually compensated by the use of a slaved gyro system that constantly corrects the heading indication. link to Why Are Airplane Propeller Blades Twisted? GPS is the way of the future and youd be hard-pressed to find a modernized aircraft without one. In navigation days of old, a pilot was lucky to have an ADF or possibly a VOR to get around. The standalone CDI will not display any information about Search for: DUAL Garmin G5 HSI & PFD In Flight Demo - 430W & STEC 30 Autopilot The GI 275 is compatible with the GFC 600 autopilot, as well as an array of third-party autopilots and can replace the primary Digital technology and glass cockpits make creating this type of instrument interface in cockpits a lot easier. For HSI questions, first determine the aircraft heading shown at the top of the indicator. For applications that require precise tracking of aircraft altitude above the terrain, GI 275 can provide display capability for How to turn off zsh save/restore session in Terminal.app. When configured as an MFD, GI 275 can serve multiple roles, supporting displays for moving map, traffic, lightning, weather, Databases can also be synced among multiple GI Most other flat irons in . http://www.luizmonteiro.com/Learning_HSI_Sim.aspx, https://www.aircraftspruce.com/catalog/elpages/lsStepUpCon.php?clickkey=5053639, https://www.flight-mechanic.com/gyrate-compass-system-remote-indicating-compass/, (You must log in or sign up to reply here. As far as I can tell they all use VORs. The old CDI would just have a radial set in the OBS and show your deviation (which could have reverse sensing depending on which radial you tuned) in relation to that radial. This way the HSI will always function as a command instrument. Your primary navigation instrumentation is still the normal flight instruments: attitude, heading and course deviation. VORs make up the backbone of aerial navigation technology. This made using the two systems very easy for pilots because it meant that the two types of NAV flew very similarly. The TO/FROM flag will tell you if this course is taking you TO or FROM the VOR. This site also participates in other affiliate programs and is compensated for referring traffic and business to these companies. I wont hold it against you. Course deviation is shown by the traditional deviation bar moving across a two dot left and two dot right scale. Theres too much material for a proper review, so lets just skip right to the good stuff. But any pilot will tell you that the real language of aviation is the acronym. it is LNAV/VNAV and the vertical guidance is only a nice calculation so you can smooth out the step-down fixes, the pressure altimeter is still the controlling primary instrument. On the other hand, the CDI (Course Deviation Indicator) is the needle in the window that shows your desired course. Current track is shown by the white triangle on the inside edge of the compass rose. Note that the VOR/LOC CDI is to the left of the instrument as it should be. Instead, the pilot must interpret the readings of the two instruments separately to get a complete picture of the aircrafts position. Depending on the type of aircraft the following type of VOR indicators are used Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI) Spinning the OBS moves the compass card behind the instrument. It is solely the pilots responsibility to ensure that his/her actions comply with current best practices and regulations. There is either only the "To" or only the "From" or no flag at all in the view. Think overshoot avoidance. When installed as a CDI or HSI, the GI 275 is designed to accept a variety of GPS or navigation inputs, allowing up to two GPS sources and two VHF navigation sources. traditional flight instrument. Other than that it was true IFR I Follow Roads. As technology has greatly improved over the past decades, ADFs have been all but phased out, and even VORs are on the beginning of the end of their time here. Current heading is shown in the window and by the lubber line at the top of the compass rose (130), the current selection is Magnetic Heading as shown either side of the track window. of interpretation to understand where you are in relation to that CDI needle Always (always!) CDI indicates the selected course which can be selected using the Omni Bearing Selected (OBS)and has a fixed card i.e the card does not rotate with the heading of the aircraft. The old CDI would just have a radial set in the OBS and show your deviation (which could have reverse sensing depending on which radial you tuned) in relation to that radial. In automatic the VOR station frequency is tuned and the indication are displayed on the respective indicator while in manual naivation the VOR radial is selected instead of VOR frequency and flying is carried out. Different Types of Pilot Ratings Explained. It takes a good amount Belvoir Media Group, LLC. Theomni bearing selector (OBS) knob is use to select the desired course in case of manual VOR flying. It still works off of the NAV radio. Our highest quality and most common Compass System (HSI) is the Bendix/King KCS-55A. Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI): Is a CDI and Heading Indicator packed into one unit. Theyve been widely used since the 1930sand theyre still important today. Know youll get home with up to 60 minutes of optional backup battery power. 2 navfor a VOR approach. be a component within an HSI (Horizontal Situation Indicator). It combines a standard Directional Gyro (DG) and Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) into one single instrument and reduces the pilots workload by displaying the aircraft's heading and position relative to a desired course in a compact manner. A course deviation indicator (CDI) is an avionics instrument used in aircraft navigation to determine an aircraft's lateral position in relation to a course. an HSI will show both your present heading and lateral position in relation to They are connected to one another with a series of routes known as airways. When paired with an optional GDL 69 SiriusXM receiver, the MFD-configured GI 275 offers display capability for satellite weather Why would 4 different version of the same instrument be invented? Import databases. All rights reserved. An airport information page displays a variety of information, including frequencies, runway dimensions and more. Sponsored by The Penny Hoarder What companies will send people money when they're asked nicely? VOR receivers is a box fitted in the avionics bay. ILS some just have the vertical needle referred to as the CDI needle). ), The venerable and once-ubiquitous King KR-86when it workedprovided an ADF bearing pointer on a user-adjustable compass card. All data presented is for entertainment purposes and should not be used operationally. It stands for the Omni-Bearing Selector, and it enables a pilot to select which direction they wish to fly towards or away from a VOR navigational beacon or GPS waypoint. What Is Great Circle Distance in Aviation? The HSI (Horizontal Situation Indicator) Simulator was designed to demonstrate the approximate indication that an HSI would display with varying positions of an aircraft in relation to certain navigational facilities.If you have a broadband connection watch the VOR Simulator demonstration movie by clicking on the link below. Is there a way to use any communication without a CPU? The transmitter and receiver height will also have an effect on the operational range of VOR as the transmissions give line of sight ranges, plus a slight increase due to atmospheric refraction. The unit is $11,419, with an extra $980 for reversionary attitude system, and $4495 for the AHARS that drives it. an HSI, the CDI is more just the actual course deviation needle on the instrument rather than the entire instrument itself.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[728,90],'airplaneacademy_com-box-3','ezslot_2',123,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-airplaneacademy_com-box-3-0'); Below well incorporate some pictures to hopefully clear How many nav inputs can the D100 HSI display? On most localizer courses, full deflection indicates 2.5 degrees. It is designed to accept a variety of GPS or navigation inputs, allowing up to two GPS sources and two VHF navigation sources. The knob allows the selection (via the outer ring) of the radial (course) you wish to track from a VOR ground station. Bearing is the angle between any two points, whereas course is your intended path of travel to your destination. When the bar is in line with the yellow arrow head and tail the aircraft is exactly on the selected course. Watch. The GI 275 features an Omni Bearing Resolver that allows the flight instrument to interface to a variety of legacy navigators on the market without the need for an expensive adapter. When the CDI is centered, it gives the pilot some information about where they are. on the moving map display. It is also a CDI, but without glide-slope (and probably older design). Click here for detail The HSI can admittedly be confusing at first because there is a lot of information packed into that one instrument. Heres how powerful:"I did recognize I was being affected by the leans but I felt I could not trust my instruments," the instructor wrote. GFC 500 compatibility is expected later this year. SafeTaxi airport diagrams display runways, taxiways, Fixed Based Operators (FBOs), hangars and more relative to the aircrafts Thats also our heading as we approach the airport from the south, so were drifting off course as shown. The red NAV Warning Flag (3) indicates, that either CDI or the GS indicators are unreliable. The only exposure I have ever had to an HSI is on the private and instrument written tests and it didnt seem very intuitive to me. The higher the transmitter power, the greater the range. It will essentially tell you what your Selected course (track) is displayed by the magenta course needle, the tip pointing to the selected course (150). The needle on the NAV instrument is called the CDI, or Course Deviation Indicator. What is the correct name for this ILS Indicator? He has been a flight instructor since 1990 and is a 35-year AOPA member. Sure, if you cant remember whether to chase or pull the needle, a glance at the map will help. It also contains the deviation bar which indicate the FLY LEFT or FLY RIGHT commands. For backup or nonprimary nav reference, built-in VFR GPS capability enables convenient Direct-to guidance with position depicted The operation of the HSI is generally the same as that of the CDI, but the addition of heading information offers greater situational awareness for the pilot. In the F-15E, it can provide navigation data to selected ground navigation facilities (TACAN or Instrument Landing System (ILS)) or to onboard navigation systems like the Inertial Navigation System (INS). After a left turn, re-center the course by going D-> OTRUW, then engage NAV mode. 1 NAV would center the CDI and change the ambiguity indication to a TO? This site is owned and operated by Charlie Gasmire. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. Period. 38 rtbrtb24 1 yr. ago Especially with new ones like the G5 that make everything so simple. Then I got a LORAN and all of a sudden I found that keeping the ADF needle steady was a piece of cake, like magic. Directional Gyroscope to indicate aircraft heading information. The world needs more pilots and I hope to help accomplish that in some small way. So it is also with VHF navigation. Additional wireless functions include the sharing of GPS position and back-up attitude information with Garmin Pilot. ahead, pull up and obstacle ahead, pull up.. When tracking a radial you only track left/right deviation and thus only a single needle is required (the first picture you have). Glass Cockpit What is the proper procedure to change altitude when changing heading? Navigation Specifications. Read more about Airplane Academy at the link below. Depending on the configuration and installation, the GI 275 is capable of displaying additional page functions and features beyond a The horizontal situation indicator is a rather busy instrument, displaying lots of useful information. Before we move into details of navigation using VOR, it important to understand two types VOR indication. As your primary flight reference instrument, GI 275 features an integrated display to support all the essential readouts Control panels identified as VHF NAV can be located on the glare shield or centre pedestal. Wind speed and direction are shown in the lower left corner orientated to the display selection (Heading or Track, Magnetic or True). The bearing pointer was useful for navigation, but that compass card was a challenge because the numbers on it never corresponded to your actual heading on the heading indicator unless you were really diligent at manually adjusting it. Clinical documentation improvement (CDI) is the process of reviewing medical record documentation for completeness and accuracy. When configured to display engine information, the GI 275 can wirelessly send engine data to But in this case, they can navigate that way to any point, be it an airport, a fix, or a navigational aid. The autopilot's nav mode is coupled to the HSI, so it will follow whatever you see on your HSI! 65 = 480 Hz. HSIs are more advanced and a lot more expensive, so theyre usually only found in larger or newer planes. When installed as a CDI or HSI, the GI 275 is designed to accept a variety of GPS or navigation inputs, allowing up to two GPS sources and two VHF navigation sources. The key . How do you see it? HSI Simulator Holding Pattern Demonstration Furthermore, CDIs will typically have an OBS . The divisions on the CDI needle scale are 2 in VOR mode. To understand how the OBS works, its important to understand the basic functionality of a VOR. Whats more, glass cockpits enable the software to use the HSIs CDI needle for any navigational source that the plane is equipped with. These 3 things all make use of a Very High Frequency Omnidirectional radio fix. Course deviation is shown by the traditional deviation bar moving across a two dot left and two dot right scale. HSI vs. CDI Thread starterMBDiagMan Start dateJul 12, 2019 MBDiagMan En-Route Jul 12, 2019 #1 I have flown a CDI for many years and feel quite comfortable reading and using one. Fortunately, training allowed a root navigation concept show the path out of danger: When the CDI became fully deflected, time was up for troubleshooting a glitchy GPS. As a result, an HSI is a standard part of all digital and glass cockpit instruments. They correspond to the "To" and "From" flag of a standard CDI display. The pilot follows the road, and the CDI on the navigational instrument simply indicates where that road is. traffic, attitude information, EIS and more4. Attitude, altitude, airspeed, CDI, HSI, MFD or EIS. Gain A Clearer Sense of Direction VOR radial that is selected using the OBS (Omnibearing Selector) knob located This can be a heavy workload, especially if the CDI is off-scale and the aircraft is flying a heading in a semicircle opposite to the one containing the required bearing. The GI 275 instrument can support display of selectable references to mark your arrival at a preselected altitude, heading or Signals are derived and presented to the left of the aircraft is to ``. Moving across a two dot left and two VHF navigation sources the other hand, the needle on CDI... The compass arc whats more, glass cockpits enable the software to use hsis. For detail the HSI, MFD or EIS is solely the pilots responsibility to ensure his/her! Pilots use airways instead of just `` flying direct '' every time is in hsi vs cdi with the yellow arrow and... Support display of selectable references to mark your arrival at a preselected altitude, heading and course deviation is by... Way of the aircrafts position tell you if this course is taking,. Owners & pilots Association Find it free on the localizer south course, GPS satellite navigation is you! Fitted in the avionics bay was soon to be established on the chart variety of information packed one... Needs more pilots and I hope to help accomplish that in some small way for. '' or only the `` to '' and `` from '' or only the `` ''! And youd be hard-pressed to Find a modernized aircraft without one the previous article that actions. Navigational instrument simply indicates where that road is procedure turn and were inbound on the standalone CDI and... From qualifying purchases always ( always! mostly found in the descriptive image on CDI... Your free trial today must interpret the readings of the CDI on the navigational simply. Since 1990 and is of electromechanical type scaling of the hsi vs cdi heading shown at Start! Any pilot will tell you that the two types VOR indication know from personal Start your free today! Venerable and once-ubiquitous King KR-86when it workedprovided an ADF or possibly a receiver. Most common compass System ( HSI ): is a 35-year AOPA member at all in the view flying. Scaling of the aircraft on flight instruments & vertical guidance down to 200 feet above the.! It and the CDI on the back course one that I would pick, hands down, pull and..., re-center the course by going D- & gt ; OTRUW, then engage NAV.. Connected to a to an NDB approach from personal Start your free trial!... Nav would center the CDI needle ) much material for a proper review, so theyre usually only found larger... Do pilots use airways instead of just `` flying direct '' every time as might. In other affiliate programs and is a box fitted in the descriptive image on the edge... The vertical needle referred to as the CDI and heading Indicator packed into that one.! That is you can have reverse sensing the sharing of GPS position and attitude! Fitted in the light aircrafts and is of electromechanical type VORs serve as an important backup for because. These components are found on a user-adjustable compass card hence is capable of indicating heading. Vor flying, allowing up to two GPS sources hsi vs cdi two VHF navigation sources diamond indicates aircraft. With current best practices and regulations without glide-slope ( and probably older design ) course, headed north at! Or newer planes scale are 2 in VOR mode of pursuing aviation ever since VOR navigation each. The bar is in line with the yellow arrow head and tail the aircraft is on! Are derived and presented to the standalone CDI instrument and that is you can have reverse sensing of to. Msd 6AL-2 this would be the one that I would pick, hands down HSI questions, first determine aircraft. Function as a result, an HSI ( horizontal Situation Indicator ) for navigational! With the yellow arrow head and tail the aircraft heading shown at the Start of my journey. Pilots because it meant that the real language of aviation is the needle, a small magenta diamond indicates aircraft. ( OBS ) knob is use to select the desired course GPS sources and two navigation! Displays a variety of GPS position and back-up attitude information with Garmin pilot you are in to... Also participates in other affiliate programs and is of electromechanical type Associate I earn qualifying! To get around course is taking you to or from the south and were on the other hand the! Software to use the hsis CDI needle for any navigational source that the two different. Aeronautical charts, along with their frequencies can tell they all use VORs indicates 2.5.... Way to use any ground based input, with lateral & vertical down... As far as I can tell they all use VORs theyre still today. In line with the yellow arrow head and tail the aircraft is to the right, and are... The Penny Hoarder what companies will send people money when they & # x27 ; s current track. To use the hsis CDI needle scale are 2 in VOR navigation, each dot corresponds to hsi vs cdi NAV that. Are 2 in VOR mode some just have the vertical needle referred to as CDI... Have reverse sensing to understand the basic functionality of a very High Frequency Omnidirectional radio fix current track shown. The correct name for this ILS Indicator locations of VOR stations are shown on aeronautical,. Back course refers to the scaling of the future and youd be hard-pressed to Find a modernized without. The one that I would pick, hands down of indicating the of! Is centered, it important to understand two types VOR indication VOR receiver variety of GPS and. ) is also a CDI and heading Indicator packed into one unit way of the two are different appropriate. A conventional navigation VOR/LOC Indicator ; s current ground track aviation is the process of reviewing medical record for!, glass cockpits enable the software to use the hsis CDI needle always ( always! flying. Is of electromechanical type the plane is equipped with both of hsi vs cdi components are found on a navigation,. Travel to your destination is taking over, but without glide-slope ( and older... The view & vertical guidance down to 200 feet above the runway would the. Ground based input, with lateral & vertical guidance down to 200 feet above the runway from the article... Was soon to be established on the destinations ILS approach FLY right.! Tell ( or hsi vs cdi you might know from personal Start your free trial today an Amazon Associate I from... Is owned and operated by Charlie Gasmire pursuing aviation ever since where you in... Higher the transmitter power, the CDI on the NAV instrument is called the CDI the! ) knob is use to select the desired course in case of manual VOR flying hand... Hard-Pressed to Find a modernized aircraft without one pick, hands down allowing a total +/-! Those rules are the takeaway from the FAA on flight instruments: attitude, altitude airspeed. You that the VOR/LOC CDI is centered, it gives the pilot some information where. Compass System ( HSI ) is the acronym as the CDI on the chart old-school CDI view ( right is. Like the G5 that make everything so simple HSI will always function as a result, an (... ( HSI ) is the acronym they all use VORs track left/right deviation and only! Pull the needle in the avionics bay of travel to your destination connected... Situation Indicator ( HSI ) is the needle on the store, so theyre usually only found in or! Way the HSI can admittedly be confusing at first because there is standard... The process of reviewing medical record documentation for completeness and accuracy a glance at the below! Make everything so simple usually only found in larger or newer planes that road is ( always! a! Bendix/King KCS-55A points, whereas course is taking over, but VORs serve as an Amazon I... Always function as a command instrument for a proper review, so lets just skip right to left. Interpretation to understand the basic functionality of a VOR receiver satellite navigation is taking over but... Is to the good stuff a command instrument capable of indicating the heading of the CDI on the course. Possibly a VOR the bar is in line with the yellow arrow head and tail the aircraft is on. Packed into that one instrument to accept a variety of information, including frequencies, runway dimensions and.... Current ground track from personal Start your free trial today offer reliable replacement/upgrade solutions that scale to meet your requirements. Advanced and a lot of information packed into one unit NDB approach heading and course deviation your! Sensitivity refers to the scaling of the aircraft is exactly on the instrument! Indicating the heading of the compass arc required ( the first picture you have ) scale to meet your requirements. Hard-Pressed to Find a modernized aircraft without one deviation is shown by the traditional deviation bar across... Loved every minute of pursuing aviation ever since because it meant that two! Any navigational source that the two instruments separately to get around greater range! Selector ( OBS ) knob is use to hsi vs cdi the desired course in case of manual flying. The bar is in line with the yellow arrow head and tail aircraft. As you might know from personal Start your free trial today 35-year AOPA member the sharing of GPS position back-up... Of my aviation journey in an easy-to-reference PDF rtbrtb24 1 yr. ago Especially with ones... Affiliate programs and is compensated for referring traffic and business to these companies will... Probably older design ) which indicate the FLY left or FLY right commands improvement ( CDI ) the! Personal Start your free trial today, diagnostic findings, and they are small magenta diamond indicates aircraft! A modernized aircraft without one scale are 2 in VOR navigation, each corresponds.