Document 1. DBQs are a great way to have students think and write about primary and secondary sources of all kinds from interviews, legislation, maps, images and more.Each DBQ:is editable for tea. Jahan's selection of white marble and the overall concept and design of the mausoleum give the building great power and majesty. [ 11 0 R] [43], Akbar (reigned 15561605) was born Jalal-ud-din Muhammad[48] in the Rajput Umarkot Fort,[49] to Humayun and his wife Hamida Banu Begum, a Persian princess. M (,5655V63|PE:x_BxTZBri ar@+t3%h't?CYjdG(/&GHv#D 2xJ``}@$dEiC5}1"}ON!022J2j,1}CQjcw2JX&L-LfZJJ%J(K (7X/Fp0)5f`r!=1+*u]L!B6*,4v*{690d:(4.Dzbq5 QH!Bd\ The province was a leading producer of grains, salt, fruits, liquors and wines, precious metals and ornaments. the Taj Mahal), A system of education that took account of pupils' needs and culture. This process enabled European nations to replace native governments in the Americas. [45] [144] This was higher than the percentage of the urban population in contemporary Europe at the time and higher than that of British India in the 19th century;[144] the level of urbanization in Europe did not reach 15% until the 19th century. In turn, the Mysorean rockets were the basis for the Congreve rockets, which Britain deployed in the Napoleonic Wars against France and the War of 1812 against the United States. 6 0 obj The Sur Empire (15401555), founded by Sher Shah Suri (reigned 15401545), briefly interrupted Mughal rule. Cortes, perhaps seeking to impress the king, likely exaggerates in the claim that the victory was without ourselves sustaining any injury; still, the claim indicates both the strength of the Spanish military technology and their attitude of superiority that they used to justify their takeover of the existing Mexica government. stream Urdu uses an Arabic script, but Persian vocabulary and Hindi grammatical structure. For example, a sarkar could turn into a subah, and parganas were often transferred between sarkars. [116], Indian agricultural production increased under the Mughal Empire. The title of Khan is creative, but not hereditary. Compared to Britain, the price of grain was about one-half in South India and one-third in Bengal, in terms of silver coinage. <> Much of its territory fell under the control of the Marathas and then the British. This guide includes comparisons in unit 3 and unit 4 respectively in addition to comparisons between unit 3 and unit 4. [43] Jahangir distinguished himself from Akbar by making substantial efforts to gain the support of the Islamic religious establishment. [106], According to Stephen Broadberry and Bishnupriya Gupta, grain wages in India were comparable to England in the 16th and 17th centuries, but diverged in the 18th century when they fell to 20-40% of England's wages. Jahangir's approach was typified by the development of Urdu as the official language of Empire. Bburs son Humyn inherited the hope rather than the fact of empire, because the Afghans and Rajputs were merely restrained but not reconciled to Mughal supremacy by the Mughal victories at Panipat (1526), Khanua (1527), and the Ghaghara (1529). An innovation was the amount of autonomy he allowed to the provinces. Document 2. Bburs father, Umar Shaykh Mrz, ruled the small principality of Fergana to the north of the Hindu Kush mountain range; Bbur inherited the principality at a young age, in 1494. % G\s)ku.c}vZUIcgJ1(G7/pi N#hRPgZd\vEry\TSIS leZbseA$^-+ebk iGAVox/xN_<>xgs8Fc,*^sm(7w+>/Dl*BoSC`~)4qd"?&X*gGwR-8o{H@8=lsb`}Sw 9-XVIK(c hVp 7pw~"\8NZ9IqetfB-4 N/'^Jug:i+&ljaT)0'C AdQ,/2JM,9&yd3dY(+r 5&gfWd*4_0fhha=w_p],tW^ZC|p7"~l`SaSENm5oF[EdVPsxV `Sc!ul If you would like an editable version of the DBQ, please send me an email to the address in the PDF. These rockets turned fortunes in favour of the Sultanate of Mysore during the Second Anglo-Mysore War, particularly during the Battle of Pollilur. 147 0 obj <> endobj [129] The production of cotton, which may have largely been spun in the villages and then taken to towns in the form of yarn to be woven into cloth textiles, was advanced by the diffusion of the spinning wheel across India shortly before the Mughal era, lowering the costs of yarn and helping to increase demand for cotton. [147], Those estimates were criticised by Tim Dyson, who consider them exaggerations. [95], The jagirdar (local tax collector) was another kind of official approached, especially for high-stakes cases. The provincial capital Dhaka became the commercial capital of the empire. H<19,z_!y;"uYX"5t'iiI32~cb(i(Y`3k-]|"-)GYL/?-w(\H {>0hcZ#C(a The finance/revenue ministry was responsible for controlling revenues from the empire's territories, calculating tax revenues, and using this information to distribute assignments. This resource includes a ready-to-use interactive activity students can complete on any device. 9z26A,VsN"j Uj9VnKN:twO'[ZjK:g,PPh+._K9fAoF1jF% "t4P*hj.v%I9&:Nif1u.I]P%|B l|! This product is the work of All Things History Lesson Plans. argumentative Essay. [138][pageneeded] Its handloom industry flourished under royal warrants, making the region a hub of the worldwide muslin trade, which peaked in the 17th and 18th centuries. After 150 years of rule by Mughal viceroys, Bengal gained semi-independence as a dominion under the Nawab of Bengal in 1717. I was happy with the purchase. 0jcD The 3 Empires had similar things that made them successful and similar things that made them unsuccessful: Two categories: A) By country. yw>}Fy `WoyzdV] +CUR`,`@cR4Et%!nH,3R+i#e`V_cinzVnOfOg={`IZK[1C8Xl+7Gjyl)var(Gb? /AW[pm[/) ]Rp-d)I7^6},np*EC[Vna`)NN$$b8c"C#2AJvigPn_Z9YRrAg qS{H The qadi also had additional importance with regards to documents, as the seal of the qadi was required to validate deeds and tax records. He rapidly lost the empire. [97] During the Mughal era, the gross domestic product (GDP) of India in 1600 was estimated at 22% of the world economy, the second largest in the world, behind only China (Ming era) but larger than Europe. %%EOF Administrative divisions were also vague in their geography - the Mughal state did not have enough resources or authority to undertake detailed land surveys, and hence the geographical limits of these divisions were not formalised and maps not created. [92], Various kinds of courts existed in the Mughal empire. 2 0 obj The Mughal Empire grew out of descendants of the Mongol Empire who were living in Turkestan in the 15th century. Fatehpur Sikri is a synthesis of Hindu and Islamic architecture. [179]Fathullah Shirazi (c.1582), a Persian polymath and mechanical engineer who worked for Akbar, developed an early multi gun shot. Click each document below to view the sample. How did the Mughal Empire embrace different cultures in India? [100], The Mughals were responsible for building an extensive road system, creating a uniform currency, and the unification of the country. a Turkish invader from Central Asia. <> [66], Aurangzeb's son, Bahadur Shah I, repealed the religious policies of his father and attempted to reform the administration. This was partly because of the hostility that Aurangazeb's intolerance and taxation inspired in the population, but also because the empire had simply become to big to be successfully governed. [21] The base of the empire's collective wealth was agricultural taxes, instituted by the third Mughal emperor, Akbar. [43] Aurangzeb is considered India's most controversial king,[62] with some historians arguing his religious conservatism and intolerance undermined the stability of Mughal society,[43] while other historians question this, noting that he built Hindu temples,[65] employed significantly more Hindus in his imperial bureaucracy than his predecessors did, opposed bigotry against Hindus and Shia Muslims. By the mid-17th century, Indian cultivators begun to extensively grow two new crops from the Americas, maize and tobacco. [131], Mughal India had a large shipbuilding industry, which was also largely centred in the Bengal province. The Mughal and the Ottoman Empires were almost contemporary to each other. In both the Inca Empire and the Mughal Empire, rulers used religion to help reinforce their rule. [185][186] In the 17th century, the Mughal Empire saw a synthesis between Islamic and Hindu astronomy, where Islamic observational instruments were combined with Hindu computational techniques. can earn you one point on both the DBQ and LEQ essays. Evaluate the extent to which the processes of empire-building affected political structures in the period 1500-1900. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. endobj [130], Once, the Mughal emperor Akbar asked his courtiers, which was the most beautiful flower. However, by this time Lodi's empire was already crumbling, and it was actually the Rajput Confederacy which was the strongest power of Northern India under the capable rule of Rana Sanga of Mewar. For some two hundred years, the empire stretched from the outer fringes of the Indus river basin in the west, northern Afghanistan in the northwest, and Kashmir in the north, to the highlands of present-day Assam and Bangladesh in the east, and the uplands of the Deccan Plateau . [112][113], According to Moosvi, Mughal India had a per-capita income, in terms of wheat, 1.24% higher in the late 16th century than British India did in the early 20th century. TPT empowers educators to teach at their best. 4 0 obj [85][83] Parganas were the basic administrative unit of the Mughal empire. . Answer: The Mughal Empire started facing a variety of crises towards the closing years of the 17th century. Babur had the expertise of his commander Ustad Ali Quli . [9] The dam's value was later worth 30 to a rupee towards the end of Jahangir's reign, and then 16 to a rupee by the 1660s. Free Essay: Shhn-e Moul The Mughal Empire 1526-1858 Flag of the Mughal Empire Flag Map of Mughal Empire in 1700 CE Mughal Empire (green) during its. The ministry in charge of law/religious patronage was the responsibility of the sadr as-sudr, who appointed judges and managed charities and stipends. I think they had a better trade because they spread out . A 17th century celestial globe was also made by Diya ad-din Muhammad in Lahore, 1668 (now in Pakistan). [165] Miniatures commissioned by the Mughal emperors initially focused on large projects illustrating books with eventful historical scenes and court life, but later included more single images for albums, with portraits and animal paintings displaying a profound appreciation for the serenity and beauty of the natural world. The Nawabs permitted European companies to set up trading posts across the region, including firms from Britain, France, the Netherlands, Denmark, Portugal and Austria. [146] By 1700, Mughal India had an urban population of 23 million people, larger than British India's urban population of 22.3 million in 1871. Aurangzeb defeated Dara in 1659 and had him executed. Rose through Religious tolerance, meritocracy in military, Commerce. the Mughal Empire? The Mughal empire is conventionally said to have been founded in 1526 by Babur, a warrior chieftain from what is today Uzbekistan, who employed aid from the neighboring Safavid and Ottoman empires,[12] to defeat the Sultan of Delhi, Ibrahim Lodi, in the First Battle of Panipat, and to sweep down the plains of North India. Akbar's son, Emperor Jahangir, readopted Islam as the state religion and continued the policy of religious toleration. [144] A number of cities in India had a population between a quarter-million and half-million people,[144] with larger cities including Agra (in Agra Subah) with up to 800,000 people, Lahore (in Lahore Subah) with up to 700,000 people,[149] Dhaka (in Bengal Subah) with over 1 million people,[150][full citation needed] and Delhi (in Delhi Subah) with over 600,000 people. Hyder Ali's father Fatah Muhammad the constable at Budikote, commanded a corps consisting of 50 rocketmen (Cushoon) for the Nawab of Arcot. Gender: Male. The Mughal (or Mogul) Empire ruled most of India and Pakistan in the 16th and . During Aurangzeb's reign (1658-1707), the economy of the Mughal Empire began to decline. The Mughal Empire was founded by Babur (reigned 15261530), a Central Asian ruler who was descended from the Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur (the founder of the Timurid Empire) on his father's side, and from Genghis Khan on his mother's side. In 1504 he conquered Kabul and Ghazn and established himself there. In the early 18th century, he built several large observatories called Yantra Mandirs, in order to rival Ulugh Beg's Samarkand observatory, and in order to improve on the earlier Hindu computations in the Siddhantas and Islamic observations in Zij-i-Sultani. Although the Mughal empire was created and sustained by military warfare,[16][17][18] it did not vigorously suppress the cultures and peoples it came to rule; rather it equalized and placated them through new administrative practices,[19][20] and diverse ruling elites, leading to more efficient, centralised, and standardized rule. [44] Ousted from his ancestral domains in Central Asia, Babur turned to India to satisfy his ambitions. endobj From the late 17th century to the early 18th century, Mughal India accounted for 95% of British imports from Asia, and the Bengal Subah province alone accounted for 40% of Dutch imports from Asia. While slavery also existed, it was limited largely to household servants. As the Mughals tried to suppress the independence of the Nizam in the Deccan, he encouraged the Marathas to invade central and northern India. Babur used this formation at the First Battle of Panipat in 1526, where the Afghan and Rajput forces loyal to the Delhi Sultanate, though superior in numbers but without the gunpowder weapons, were defeated. The Mughal empire and Ottoman empire were muslim empires who practice the Sharia law from the Koran. Between 1519 and 1524when he invaded Bhera, Sialkot, and Lahorehe showed his definite intention to conquer Hindustan, where the political scene favoured his adventure. hb```" @10`fl`f`Ppsbf .9O+ SY !3;Hp The ministry of the military (army/intelligence) was headed by an official titled mir bakhshi, who was in charge of military organisation, messenger service, and the mansabdari system. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The Mughal Empire began in about 1526 when ruler Babur had just defeated the last Muslim sultan of the Delhi. [36][37] Nevertheless, Babur's ancestors were sharply distinguished from the classical Mongols insofar as they were oriented towards Persian rather than Turco-Mongol culture. Reaching Iran in 1544, Humyn was granted military aid by Shah ahmsp and went on to conquer Kandahr (1545) and to seize Kabul three times from his own disloyal brother, Kmrn, the final time being in 1550. The preoccupation with wars and military campaigns, however, did not allow the new emperor to consolidate the gains he had made in India. A sample high-scoring writers notes on the documents appear below: Since the prompt asks for how empire-building affected political structures, the writer will organize the essay by explaining multiple causes (processes) that impacted political structures. In both locations, the Spanish essentially destroyed the empires and installed their own political systems, with viceroys who served under the Spanish crown and a hierarchical class system that gave preference to those of European ancestry. Updates? Meanwhile, an Afghan soldier of fortune, Shr Shah of Sr, had consolidated his power in Bihar and Bengal. [92] Qadis were usually appointed by the emperor or the sadr-us-sudr (chief of charities). In India and Africa, Europeans utilized the old strategies of military force and colonization, but unlike in the Americas, newly introduced diseases did not have such a devastating effect on native populations. Babur disposed of the ruler, and decided to take over himself. These were the cities of Agra, Delhi, Lahore, and Fatehpur Sikri. Learn about the Mughal Empire that ruled most of India and Pakistan in the 16th and 17th centuries. <> Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including vocabulary describing political, social, or economic aspects of history/social studies. [102] The Mughals minted coins with high purity, never dropping below 96%, and without debasement until the 1720s. The Mughal dynasty was notable for its more than two centuries of effective rule over much of India; for the ability of its rulers, who through seven generations maintained a record of unusual talent; and for its administrative organization. But in the same time, changing have the ability to be to the worst or for the best. Thus, the process of empire-building also involved longer-term economic policies that caused a more gradual build-up of political power. The Mughal Empire was an early-modern empire that controlled much of South Asia between the 16th and 19th centuries. This eventually led to the formation of the Delhi Sultanate. [167] Aurangzeb (16581707) was never an enthusiastic patron of painting, largely for religious reasons, and took a turn away from the pomp and ceremonial of the court around 1668, after which he probably commissioned no more paintings. In Britain, Sake Dean Mahomed was appointed as shampooing surgeon to both Kings George IV and William IV.[187]. They were directed at the target and fired by lighting the fuse, but the trajectory was rather erratic. endobj Qadis did not constitute a single position, but made up a hierarchy. Eighteenth-Century Political Formations Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer History Chapter 10 Long Answers Type Question 1. BBC 2014 The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. endobj [189] It is now housed at the National Museum of Scotland. W N S E Ottoman Empire Key 0 1000 miles Safavid Empire Mughal Empire 0 1000 kilometers Source: Peter N. Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Pearson Longman (adapted) Kandahar Damascus Jerusalem Suakin Mughal Empire PERSIA HUNGARY ANATOLIA IRAQ SYRIA Izmir Aleppo Istanbul Belgrade Ottoman Basra Empire Mecca . 13 0 obj The imperial army, bogged down in long, futile wars against the more aggressive Marathas, lost its fighting spirit. 113. [88] Situations where there were two simultaneous capitals happened multiple times in Mughal history. Begin grouping the documents into categories that you can use to help organize your essay. Certain cities also served as short-term, provincial capitals, as was the case with Aurangzeb's shift to Aurangabad in the Deccan. The heavy taxes he levied impoverished the farming population. [97], The main base of the empire's collective wealth was agricultural taxes, instituted by the third Mughal emperor, Akbar. Students will learn how the Mughal Empire united and dominated the Indian Subcontinent for 300 years. endstream endobj 148 0 obj <> endobj 149 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>> endobj 150 0 obj <>stream Before the battle, Babur sought divine favour by abjuring liquor, breaking the wine vessels and pouring the wine down a well. Paradise it may have been, but it was a pricey paradise. Jahan brought together fresh ideas in the creation of the Taj. If you are using assistive technology and need help accessing these PDFs in another format, contact Services for Students with Disabilities at 212-713-8333 or by email at [emailprotected]. [97], A major Mughal reform introduced by Akbar was a new land revenue system called zabt. <> Aurangzeb's extremism caused Mughal territory and creativity to dry up and the Empire went into decline. Describe about the crises faced by the Mughal in the last of 17th century. The Rajput confederacy, however, under Rana Sanga of Mewar threatened to revive their power in northern India. [170][171] Muzaffar Alam argues that the Mughals used Persian purposefully as the vehicle of an overarching Indo-Persian political culture, to unite their diverse empire. [91], The Mughal Empire's legal system was context-specific and evolved over the course of the empire's rule. [43] Paternally, Babur belonged to the Turkicized Barlas tribe of Mongol origin. [103], Despite India having its own stocks of gold and silver, the Mughals produced minimal gold of their own, but mostly minted coins from imported bullion, as a result of the empire's strong export-driven economy, with global demand for Indian agricultural and industrial products drawing a steady stream of precious metals into India. In fiscal terms, the throne lost the revenues needed to pay its chief officers, the emirs (nobles) and their entourages. By April 1526 he was in control of Delhi and Agra and held the keys to conquer Hindustan. He made several excursions in the tribal habitats there. Black, Jeremy. To earn this point, the response must relate the topic of the prompt to broader historical events, developments, or processes that occur before, . [120] Indian peasants were also quick to adapt to profitable new crops, such as maize and tobacco from the New World being rapidly adopted and widely cultivated across Mughal India between 1600 and 1650. In locations such as India, empire-building involved a more complex interplay of economics with the pre-existing political structures, though the Europeans were still able to eventually gain control. [51] His reign ushered in the golden age of Mughal architecture. His letter could be part of a calculated approach to get help restoring his political power by appealing to the Europeans attitude of superiority. Before they were rediscovered in the 1980s, it was believed by modern metallurgists to be technically impossible to produce hollow metal globes without any seams. [121], According to economic historian Immanuel Wallerstein, citing evidence from Irfan Habib, Percival Spear, and Ashok Desai, per-capita agricultural output and standards of consumption in 17th-century Mughal India were probably higher than in 17th-century Europe and certainly higher than early 20th-century British India. Akbar believed that all religions should be tolerated, and that a ruler's duty was to treat all believers equally, whatever their belief. The cotton textile industry was responsible for a large part of the empire's international trade. Jahangir also began building the magnificent monuments and gardens by which the Mughals are chiefly remembered today, importing hundreds of Persian architects to build palaces and create magnificent gardens. This allowed the reduction of tensions between the Hindu and Muslim communities in India rather than imposing Islam they encouraged a religion the Divine Faith bringing attention on the emperor as a common ruler to all religions and parts of the Akbar's government machine included many Hindus in positions of responsibility - the governed were allowed to take a major part in the governing. [citation needed] He created a new ruling elite loyal to him, implemented a modern administration, and encouraged cultural developments. A Long History of Urdu Literary Culture, Part 1: Naming and Placing a Literary Culture", "Islamic Mughal Empire: War Elephants Part 3", "Rockets in Mysore and Britain, 17501850 A.D.", "A journey through Persia, Armenia and Asia Minor", The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians. The Taj Mahal houses the jewelled tomb of Mumtaz Mahal, much loved wife of emperor Shah Jehan, Ahmedabads Jama Masjid (Grand Mosque) was built in the 15th century in Gujarat, Jewelled archway in Humayun's tumb in Delhi, Itimad-ud-Daulah's tomb in Agra is considered a landmark in Mughal architecture, The Taj Mahal, commissioned by Emperor Jahan, marks the apex of the Mughal Empire. [98][140] By the time of Aurangzeb's reign, there were a total of 455,698 villages in the Mughal Empire.[142]. Arab Empire Dbq. [87] Kabul was the summer capital of Mughals from 1526 to 1681. +KX(.yIhDehFgR`F FnB|S`]to|_e9}?rZsc |VBx{i6T5+;_A7bh$0.9kF9%^^ Pdf [119] While the average peasant across the world was only skilled in growing very few crops, the average Indian peasant was skilled in growing a wide variety of food and non-food crops, increasing their productivity. 15 0 obj [9] Under the zabt system, the Mughals also conducted extensive cadastral surveying to assess the area of land under plow cultivation, with the Mughal state encouraging greater land cultivation by offering tax-free periods to those who brought new land under cultivation. <>/PageLabels 262 0 R>> The Mughal Empire. The perfume of your fame far exceeds the scent of roses and jasmine. <> The sources include one 19th century article from the New York Times and one illustration, and each document is followed by at least one constructed response question and a summary essay question using the documents wraps up the DBQ. <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> The structure of the central government was mirrored at the provincial level; each suba had its own bakhshi, sadr as-sudr, and finance minister that reported directly to the central government rather than the subahdar. [109] Similarly, Sivramkrishna analyzed agricultural surveys conducted in Mysore by Francis Buchanan during 18001801, arrived at estimates using a "subsistence basket" that aggregated millet income could be almost five times subsistence level, while corresponding rice income was three times that much. Aurangzeb ruled for nearly 50 years. uJ+t?P&6V`#O;y\nxRS =y}iO-*xp}.kTT_wP}}9oek$"/M\BGneKpVc8UCb8n%f}2gtGp%XyS )"-Mb @|C-HyJwlQ nk{VjF""y=D6y'X8{OB Rm&e5XrA|j%0& TRP?ODcBHSEuxyw1zbK{ The civil administration was organised in a hierarchical manner on the basis of merit, with promotions based on performance. Spend the 15-minute reading period analyzing the documents themselves, thinking for each document about its authorship/historical situation, main idea, and why it was written. [13] This imperial structure lasted until 1720, until shortly after the death of the last major emperor, Aurangzeb,[14][15] during whose reign the empire also achieved its maximum geographical extent. The spread of diseases among the native populations made it easier for the Spanish to do away with long-standing native governments and establish their own political structures in the Americas. 3 0 obj Document 1 Jahangir, Memoirs Jahangir was the Mughal Emperor from 1605 to 1627, taking over from his father, Akbar. [53][54] He "was addicted to opium, neglected the affairs of the state, and came under the influence of rival court cliques". The Mughal Empire was an early-modern empire that controlled much of South Asia between the 16th and 19th centuries. In the last decades of the seventeenth century Aurangzeb invaded the Hindu kingdoms in central and southern India, conquering much territory and taking many slaves. [110] That could be comparable to advance part of Europe. Babur succeeded his father as ruler of the state of Farghana in Turkestan when he was only 12, although he was swiftly deposed by older relatives. The Mughal Empire was definitive in the early-modern and modern periods of South Asian history, with its legacy in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan seen in cultural contributions such as: The Mughals made a major contribution to the Indian subcontinent with the development of their unique Indo-Persian architecture. [105] In terms of urban-rural divide, 18% of Mughal India's labour force were urban and 82% were rural, contributing 52% and 48% to the economy, respectively. [43] His reign was called as "The Golden Age of Mughal Architecture". [80] Manufactured goods and cash crops from the Mughal Empire were sold throughout the world. [148], The historian Nizamuddin Ahmad (15511621) reported that, under Akbar's reign, there were 120 large cities and 3200 townships. [35] Similar transliterations had been used to refer to the empire, including "Mogul" and "Moghul". Learning Opportunities for AP Coordinators, AP World History: Modern Past Exam Questions. Whats Tested on AP World History: Modern. [79], Jeffrey G. Williamson has argued that the Indian economy went through deindustrialization in the latter half of the 18th century as an indirect outcome of the collapse of the Mughal Empire, with British rule later causing further deindustrialization. The Mughal dynasty was notable for its more than two centuries of effective . A DBQ comparing the two greatest Islamic land based empires to ever exist. The Mughal Empire reached across much of the Indian subcontinent. The hierarchy of division was ambiguous sometimes, as a territory could fall under multiple overlapping jurisdictions. Cause 1: military conquest destruction, Cause 2: colonization replace native populations governments, Cause 3: military + colonization + economic influence gradual political power, conclusion: 3 processes; when additional factors (disease in Americas) briskly replaced political structures; India more complex interplay of processes, [RELATED: AP World History: Modern Sample Long Essay Question ], The extremes of military conquest sometimes resulted in the destruction of the native populations political structures. Transliterations had been used to refer to the Europeans attitude of superiority Empire and Ottoman Empire were sold throughout world. ] Kabul was the case with Aurangzeb 's extremism caused Mughal territory and creativity to up. Several excursions in the same time, changing have the ability to be to the or... Other sources if you have any Questions most beautiful flower George IV William. Were living in Turkestan in the Bengal province, Akbar emperor, Akbar the emperor or the (! William IV. [ 187 ] course of the ruler, and cultural. Target and fired by lighting the fuse, but it was limited largely to household...., founded by Sher Shah Suri ( reigned 15401545 ), a major Mughal introduced! Army, bogged down in Long, futile wars against the more aggressive Marathas, its. Most of India and Pakistan in the 15th century directed at the target and by... Kings George IV and William IV. [ 187 ] [ citation needed ] he created a land. Comparisons in unit 3 and unit 4 History Lesson Plans 1526 to 1681 silver coinage more than two centuries effective. Of courts existed in the tribal habitats there was in control of the Delhi he created a new revenue... Sikri is a synthesis of Hindu and Islamic architecture DBQ comparing the two greatest Islamic land based empires to exist... '' and `` Moghul '' innovation was the responsibility of the Mughal Empire started facing a of... Different cultures in India Mughal territory and creativity to dry up and the overall and!, bogged down in Long, futile wars against the more aggressive Marathas, lost its spirit. Embrace different cultures in India complete on any device i think they a. Of descendants of the mausoleum give the building great power and majesty, but made up a hierarchy rulers... [ 110 ] that could be comparable to advance part of Europe appointed by the Mughal Empire, rulers religion... A variety of crises towards the closing years of the Mongol Empire who were in... Transliterations had been used to refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any.! Certain cities also served as short-term, provincial capitals, as a dominion the. Endobj Qadis did not constitute a single position, but made up a hierarchy surgeon to both Kings IV. Had consolidated his power in northern India account of pupils ' needs and culture viceroys Bengal... 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