Some of the best books related to Greek mythology include "The Song of Achilles," "Lore," and "Circe." Amazon; Bookshop; Alyssa Powell/Insider. This could reflect a narcissistic personality that goes on the attack when their ego or beliefs feel threatened. For instance, he deserts Dido (in Book 4) because Jupiter reminds him through the god Mercury that Italy is meant to be his fated home, not Carthage in North Africa. The return journey of a hero from war was a favourite Greek mythical . In Augustus' rebuilding of Rome as a city of marble, Octavia was featured. second wife of Marc n., tribune of the plebs in an uncertain year, brought forward a law raising the price at which corn was sold to the people. [22] Augustus declined some other honors decreed to her by the senate, for reasons unknown. After the death of her son Marcellus in 23, she withdrew from public life. Mark Antony was at war with Octavian for control of the Roman world, which he lost at the Battle of Actium (September 2, 31BC). Lepidus was perhaps not included. [21] Augustus also had the Roman senate declare his sister to be a goddess. Cleopatra, (Greek: "Famous in Her Father") in full Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator ("Cleopatra the Father-Loving Goddess"), (born 70/69 bcedied August 30 bce, Alexandria), Egyptian queen, famous in history and drama as the lover of Julius Caesar and later as the wife of Mark Antony. In Italian the meaning of the name Octavia is: Born eighth. & Ptolemy. Although Octavia brought troops and money to him (35), he refused to see her, and in 32 he obtained a divorce. They spent the afterlife with her in the land of Folkvangr. C. The pace of poetic creativity could be very slow. ("Agamemnon", "Hom. They do not, however, bother to introduce the gods and goddesses who are their main characters, since readers and listeners would already have been familiar with them. From their lofty perch, they ruled every aspect of human life. All articles are regularly reviewed and updated by the HISTORY.com team. Gaius Octavius Cn. - They bore cognomina such as Balbus, Ligur, Marsus, and Naso. In the TV series Domina (2021), Octavia was played by Alexandra Moloney and Claire Forlani.[29]. There Antony had left a letter for her, instructing her to go no further. They appear in Renaissance paintings such as Botticellis Birth of Venus and Raphaels Triumph of Galatea and writings like Dantes Inferno; Romantic poetry and libretti; and scores of more recent novels, plays and movies.. HISTORY.com works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. According to the Roman historian Dio Cassius, Boudicca made offerings to the goddess Andraste before going into battle. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. Based on Greek mythology and the tragedy Hippolytus by Euripides, Seneca's Phaedra is one of several artistic explorations of this tragic story . Marcus Octavius Ligur, father-in-law of Publius Luicus Gamala. Suetonius, "The Life of Augustus," 2, 4, 6. sister, who over the next four years bore him two daughters Orpheus and Eurydice. 10. If you are drawn to work with this goddess Archetype you may require the Warrior spirit to help you to stand up for your rights and set firm boundaries. There is no single original text, like the Christian Bible or the Hindu Vedas, that introduces all Greek myths characters and stories. John Murray: printed by Spottiswoode and Co., New-Street Square and Parliament Street. ("Agamemnon", "Hom. Her mother later remarried, to the consul Lucius Marcius Philippus. They travelled the battlefields, taking those who died valiantly in battle, to a glorious afterlife in Valhalla. And the Aeneid itself (9,883 lines) works out to about three lines a day. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. More than 200 men were proscribed and (when captured) killed (Cicero was one of them), either because they were enemies of the triumvirs or in order to confiscate their wealth. She may have never fully recovered from the death of her son and retired from public life,[19] except on important occasions. God of War. Marcellus was a man of consular rank, a man who was considered worthy of her and was consul in 50 BC. proper name, from Latin, from Octavius, from octavus "eighth," from octo (see eight ). Augustus adored, but never adopted, her son Marcellus. The story in the Aeneid is that many generations later - after the sack of Troy - Aeneas leads his people back to Italy as a kind of new Dardanus. While Antony was On several occasions she acted as a political advisor and negotiator between her husband and brother. By a Senatorial decree, Octavia married Mark Antony in October 40 BC, as his fourth wife (his third wife Fulvia having died shortly before). Suetonius, "The Life of Augustus," 1 (J. C. Rolfe, Translator). There was also a legend that he had left instructions for his assistants to burn the manuscript of the Aeneid, should he die before its completion. f. Cn. At first this marriage helped to reduce tensions between Antony and Octavian, and when the two rulers quarreled in 37, Octavia brought about peace between them, which resulted in the Treaty of Tarentum. Virgil is his guide through Inferno and Purgatorio, which says something about the high regard of poet for poet - bearing in mind, of course, that Virgil was a pagan. Drusus delivered one funeral oration from the rostra and Augustus gave her the highest posthumous honors (building the Gate of Octavia and Porticus Octaviae in her memory). The Roman Goddess list contains names and attributes of over fifty Roman Goddesses. Octavia's later life, around the time of the death of Marcellus, is depicted in the 1976 television adaptation of Robert Graves's novel I, Claudius. Publius Octavius Balbus, juror in the trial of Oppianicus, possibly identical with Lucius Balbus. Greek mythology, body of stories concerning the gods, heroes, and rituals of the ancient Greeks. only her own daughters but also Antony's children by his first After this Caesar left him in charge of Italy during the Spanish campaign. The great-grandfather of Augustus served as a military tribune during the Second Punic War, and survived the Battle of Cannae; however, when Marcus Antonius wished to throw contempt upon Augustus, he called this Gaius Octavius a freedman and a restio, or rope-maker. Antony's public liaison, Octavia remained a loyal wife & Athena - Goddess of war, wisdom and domestic crafts. While many of these myths are fanciful tales, such as the legends of greedy King Midas or heroic Hercules, other stories like the Trojan War epic have a basis in historical fact. Chris Mackie does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment. Olym'pias, Olym'pias Artemis(Greek) - This virgin goddess stood up for her rights to chastity and to live according to her own values. Octavia died of natural causes. Victoria(Egyptian) She is the Egyptian version of the Greek goddess of Victory. The prominent Greek mythological figures include Gods such as Apollo, Prometheus, and Dionysus, Goddesses including Amphitrite, Artemis, and Rhea, and Titans like Oceanus, Hyperion, and Thea. References: Antony sent her back because she arrived with almost none of the troops Antony had lent Octavian. Is the poem designed to justify and support Romes imperialist agenda? A new reader of the Aeneid with a background in Homer can usually identify many passages that have Homeric resonances. [2] Octavia was born in Nola, present-day Italy; her father, a Roman governor and senator, died in 59 BC from natural causes. - As news reached Rome of 2013, "Domina, il cast: Claire Forlani e Alexandra Moloney presentano Ottavia. So the general point here is that the reader of the Dido books is invited to engage with many different mythical and historical narratives. Octavia, having been in Rome since 37, was sent to Antony by Octavian in 35. Octavia the Younger (Latin: Octavia Minor; c. 66 BC 11 BC) was the elder sister of the first Roman Emperor, Augustus (known also as Octavian), the half-sister of Octavia the Elder, and the fourth wife of Mark Antony. Virgil holds a volume of The Aeneid in a mosaic from the 3rd century AD, on display in the Bardo Museum in Tunis, Tunisia. Vol. The Octavii originally came from the Volscian town of Velitrae, in the Alban Hills. The three entered into a five-year pact, soon ratified by a law, conferring on them a joint autocracy, the triumvirate. In the 1963 film Cleopatra, she is played by Jean Marsh in an uncredited role.[28]. returned to Rome. That was the last time she saw her husband, Marcius was in charge of educating Octavia and her brother Octavian, later known as Augustus. That was the last time she saw her husband, who returned to Cleopatra in Alexandria. Juno, queen of heaven and goddess of marriage, despises the Trojans because she lost a divine beauty contest known as the Judgement of Paris. . For some years, she helped maintain peace between her brother and her husband. Author of, President and Vice-Chancellor, Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, 195966. [15] In 33, Antony sent men to eject her from his house in Rome. He was the lover ofCleopatra, queen of Egypt, and was defeated by Octavian (the future emperorAugustus) in the last of the civil wars that destroyed theRoman Republic. Mark Antonywas the son and grandson of men of the same name. Mark Antony, Latin Marcus Antonius, (born 83died August, 30 bce, Alexandria, Egypt), Roman general under Julius Caesar and later triumvir (4330 bce), who, with Cleopatra, queen of Egypt, was defeated by Octavian (the future emperor Augustus) in the last of the civil wars that destroyed the Roman Republic. Octavia was the daughter of Gaius Octavius and his second wife, Atia. Articles with the HISTORY.com Editors byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan and Matt Mullen. Lucius Octavius C. f. Laenas, son of the curator of the aqueducts and father of the consul of 131 AD. Professor of Classics, La Trobe University. Virgil reads the Aeneid to Octavia and Augustus. Priam was ultimately willing to accept the abduction of Helen, due to the Greeks' refusal to return Hesione. Enyo(Greek) Goddess of Destructive warfare and sibling/partner of the war god, Ares. Writers such as the 2nd-century BC Greek mythographer Apollodorus of Athens and the 1st-century BC Roman historian Gaius Julius Hyginus compiled the ancient myths and legends for contemporary audiences. )., Foubert, Lien. [2] Octavia was born in Nola, present-day Italy; her father, a Roman governor and senator, died in 59 BC from natural causes. Oppia'nicus, Oppia'nicus The first six of the poem's twelve books tell . She was one of the Olympian Goddesses When a person died, the soul would be sent to Hades, a more formal name for the underworld. of Augustus 61. The Catholic Encyclopedia. When Antony returned to the East (36 BCE), Octavia dutifully accompanied him to his mansion in Greece but fell ill & returned to Rome. What was Mark Antonys relationship to Cleopatra? Alternate titles: Marc Antony, Marcus Antonius, John Moors Cabot Professor of History, Harvard University. Octavian. In all her representations she wore the "nodus" hairstyle, which at the time was considered conservative and dignified, and worn by women from many classes.[17]. Lucius Octavius Ligur, tribune of the plebs with his brother, Marcus, in 82 BC, he defended his brother's interests in Sicily from Verres during Marcus' absence. The Aeneid, therefore, is focused on the grand scale on the city of Rome and its empire, its formation, and its destiny within the order of the Olympian gods. He then joined Caesar in Greece, commanded his left wing in the Battle of Pharsalus, and was sent back as master of the horse (a dictators second-in-command) in 48 to keep order in Italy. The English poet W.H. Augustus, after all, seems to have been a generous patron of the poet, and a certain amount of text-specific adulation might have been expected. As its end approached, the phoenix . remarried. Plutarch, Parallel In Shakespearean Baby Names the meaning of the name Octavia is: Antony and Cleopatra'. The bribe is in the form of Helen of Sparta, the most beautiful woman in the world. 389, Virgil reading The Aeneid before Augustus, Livia and Octavia, "St. Melania (the Younger)." Latin Baby Names Meaning: In Latin Baby Names the meaning of the name Octavia is: Born Eighth. London. Aeneass quest, then, is both a new mission to a new land and a return to the ancestral land of the first Trojan. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. A guide to the Goddesses. Baby Names That Give Off a Coastal Grandmother Vibe, Beautiful, Angelic Baby Names That Mean Miracle, A Fascinating New Study Reveals the Best (and Worst!) Kali(Hindu) Dark goddess of death, destruction and time. 1406-58). : 62046512. She also sponsored and advised many of the heroes in Greek mythology. line to jump to another position: Current location in this text. maternal grandmother of Claudius. The opposing armies broke up after the deaths of both consuls, and Antony was joined by Marcus Aemilius Lepidus and Lucius Munatius Plancus with their armies. (Roman) - She was the personification of peace in Roman mythology. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. She became sole caretaker of their children,[16] except for Antyllus who was already with his father in the East. Has this been at the expense of others or your values and integrity? Lepidus, who had earlier been confined to Africa, was allowed to keep it. Octavius Sagitta, tribune of the plebs in AD 58, he murdered his mistress, Pontia Postumia, because she refused to marry him after promising to do so. Undoubtedly[citation needed] Octavia attended both ceremonies, as well as the Ara Pacis ceremony to welcome her brother's return in 13BC from the provinces. 6.884]. After his death, she devoted herself to raising not So Dante characterizes Sinon, painting a picture not incompatible with Virgil's depiction of the Greek deceiver in the Aeneid.According to Aeneas (Aeneid 2), Sinon is a villainous pretender who tricks the guileless Trojans into accepting the Trojan Horse.Aeneas wastes no time recounting Sinon's disingenuous rhetoric and feigned victimhood. Early in 40 Antonys brother, the consul Lucius Antonius, supported by Antonys wife, Fulvia, rebelled against Octavian in Italy. Mark Antony was the son and grandson of men of the same name. Gnaeus Octavius L. f., a senator in 129 BC. Gnaeus Octavius Cn. older sister of Octavian - Octavia and her first husband had one son and two daughters who survived to adulthood. The poet Homers 8th-century BC epics, The Iliad and The Odyssey, for example, tell the story of the Trojan War as a divine conflict as well as a human one. I wanted to explore this aspect of the goddess, as I was born in Norfolk, an area of Britain with a long history of warrior woman. The shadow side of this goddess asks you to reflect honestly on the cost of any victory. Octavia (ktv). The two men divided the empire between them, Octavian taking everything west of Scodra (present-day Shkodr, Alb.) Over the following two centuries, the Octavii held many of the highest offices of the state; but the most celebrated of the family was Gaius Octavius, the grandnephew and adopted son of Caesar, who was proclaimed Augustus by the senate in 27 BC.[1]. Suetonius, Life Herodthe son of a prominent Palestinian Jewish friend of Rome, Antipaterwas set up in Jerusalem as king of Judaea in 37. *NB Virgils name is also sometimes spelt Vergil.. Gaius Octavius Balbus, was proscribed by the triumvirs in 42 BC. This meant they could freely manage their own finances. After initial skirmishes, Antony and Octavian were reconciled at Brundisium (present-day Brindisi) and, since Fulvia had died in the meantime, Antony married Octavians sister, Octavia. The Georgics, an earlier poetic work by Virgil on the subject of agriculture (2,188 lines), seems to have been written at a rate of about one line a day. - A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. Oxy'themis, O'bsequens dispute Seneca's version, as Octavia publicly opened the Library of Marcellus, dedicated in his memory, while her brother completed the Marcellus's theatre in his honor. There is a story that Virgil needed to defend himself from this charge by saying that it is easier to steal Hercules club than steal one line from Homer. Scholars, poets and critics, often against a background of modern wars (such as WWII or Vietnam), have agonised over the question of Virgils own attitude to war and the Augustan imperial agenda, which receives some considerable attention at critical moments in the Aeneid. Artemis (Greek) - This virgin goddess stood up for her rights to chastity and to live according to her own values. f., the younger son of Gnaeus Octavius Rufus, he was a simple eques, who never attempted to rise any higher in the state. A long-prepared attack on Parthia in 36 failed, with heavy lossesit was Antonys first military failure. Gnaeus Octavius Ruso, quaestor in 105 BC under Marius, and praetor in an uncertain year prior to 91. Octavia was a faithful wife and mother who raised Antonys children by Cleopatra along with her own children. After Caesars assassination, he became a triumvir and gained control of Romes eastern provinces. A long-prepared attack on Parthia in 36 failed, with heavy lossesit was Antony's first military failure. Cloelia managed to flee the hostage camp, leading a group of other Roman virgins across the River Tiber. [12] She was hailed as a "marvel of womankind. Octavian and Marc Antony were bitter rivals. The earliest known record about the story of Medusa and the Gorgons can be found in Hesiod's Theogony. Ona'tas, Ona'tas For a time he pursued a moderate policy, but when challenged by the 19-year-old Octavian (later the emperor Augustus), Caesars adopted son and heir, he turned against Caesars assassins. She was worshipped by the Iceni tribe. Octavia, byname Octavia Minor, (born c. 69 bcdied 11 bc), full sister of Octavian (later the emperor Augustus) and wife of Mark Antony. The time-traveling young heroine, Octavia, jumping from present day Greece to ancient Greece added another fascinating facet to the adventure. [both named Antonia]. This power comes from her magical cauldron, where she brews great potions to help others. Virgil follows suit in the Aeneid, but offers a much more complex notion of the heroic return. Her battle cry alone had the power to kill. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Troy was founded by Dardanus, an obscure mythological hero, and, in Virgils poem, he did so having left from a place called Corythus (perhaps modern Cortona in Tuscany). All rights reserved. This is one of the earliest Roman myths. The alliance was severely tested by Antony's abandonment of Octavia and their children in favor of his former lover Queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt (Antony and Cleopatra had met in 41 BC, an interaction that resulted in Cleopatra bearing twins, Alexander Helios, a boy, and Cleopatra Selene, a girl). O, glory and light to other poets, may that long study, and the great love, that made me scan your work, be worth something now. Athena(Greek) - A great battle strategist, however she disliked pointless wars and preferred to use her wisdom to settle disputes. She became queen on the death of her father, Ptolemy XII, in 51 bce and ruled successively with her two . Li'via, O'crea Antony and Octavia went to Athens, where they were deified; Antony was declared the New Dionysus, mystic god of wine, happiness, and immortality. She successfully exonerated herself, and Antony spent the winter of 4140 as her lover at Alexandria, Egypt. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. Antony sent her back because she arrived with almost none of the troops Antony had lent Octavian. The role was played by Angela Morant, and should not be confused with her great-granddaughter Claudia Octavia (also referred to as "Octavia" in the series), Claudius's daughter and wife of the future emperor Nero, who was played by Cheryl Johnson. In this illustration, Mars is depicted on horseback. (Aphrodite in Greek mythology) and Anchises, a Trojan aristocrat. In American Baby Names the meaning of the name Octavia is: Born eighth. When Octavian had problems in Italy and the West in 37, Antony met him at Tarentum, supplied him with ships, and agreed to renew the triumvirate for another five years. All Rights Reserved. Perhaps the same person mentioned in one of Cicero's letters to, Octavia M. f., possibly sister of the two above and wife of. [1] Balbus was a common surname, referring to one who stammers, while Naso is thought to refer to someone with a prominent nose. Then Lepidus and Octavian annexed Africa. In Latin Baby Names the meaning of the name Octavia is: Born Eighth. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. 30-35, 53-54, 57, 87. , They had three surviving children: Claudia Marcella Major, Claudia Marcella Minor and Marcus Claudius Marcellus. Octavia spent much of her childhood travelling with her parents. See more. But although we find so marked differences in the use of the numerals as names, it is impossible to believe that this use did not arise in the same way for all; that is, that they were at first used to distinguish children by the order of birth. Octavia dutifully accompanied him to his mansion in Greece but fell ill & After 36 BC, Octavia returned to Rome with the daughters of her second marriage. The descendants of the younger Gnaeus held many of the higher magistracies, but the descendants of Gaius remained simple equites, who did not rise to any importance. Updated: July 21, 2022 | Original: December 2, 2009. Author of. This marriage had to be approved by the Senate, as she was pregnant with her first husband's child, and was a politically motivated attempt to cement the uneasy alliance between her brother Octavian and Mark Antony; however, Octavia does appear to have been a loyal and faithful wife to Antony. He then joined the staff of Julius Caesar, to whom he was related on his mothers side, and served with him for much of the concluding phase of Caesars conquest of central and northern Gaul and its aftermath (5453 and 5250). Previously, only one woman, Cornelia, mother of the Gracchi, had been part of the public statues displayed in Rome. , [20] Her funeral was a public one, with her sons-in-law (Drusus, Ahenobarbus, Iullus Antony, and possibly Paullus Aemillius Lepidus) carrying her to the grave in the Mausoleum of Augustus. Ventidius, meanwhile, pushed the Parthians out of Asia Minor in 40 and drove them back beyond the Euphrates River (3938). All Rights Reserved. The Aeneid is therefore a classic foundation narrative. Marcus Octavius Laenas Curtianus, one of the distinguished men who supplicated the judges on behalf of, Octavia C. f. Sergia Plautilla, daughter of Gaius Octavius Laenas, the curator of the aqueducts, was the mother of the emperor. (Augustus), Gaius Octavius, also known as Octavian, was Julius Caesar's great-nephew and adopted child. She was also consulted in regard to, and in some versions advised, that Augustus's daughter Julia marry Agrippa after her mourning for Marcellus ended. There was, besides, a decree of the people on record, providing that for the future too the entrails should be offered to Mars in the same way, and the rest of the victims be handed over to the Octavii. Unfortunately, Helen is already married to the Spartan king Menelaus, and so the Trojan war follows soon after. F., a man of consular rank, a Trojan aristocrat, her son Marcellus 23. Ptolemy XII, in the world original: December 2, 2009 the East Greece... Mother later remarried, to the Spartan king Menelaus, and so the general point here that... Older sister of Octavian - Octavia and her first husband had one and... & # x27 ; s Theogony the Greek goddess of Victory successfully exonerated herself and! Requires login ). a favourite Greek mythical - goddess of war, wisdom and domestic crafts,... The Younger ). Antony and Cleopatra ' the cost of any Victory C. the pace of creativity... The meaning of the heroic return in 105 BC under Marius, and praetor in an uncertain prior. Characters and stories sent men to eject her from his house in Rome since 37, was to... Domestic crafts who survived to adulthood ( present-day Shkodr, Alb. the cost of Victory... S first military failure Marsh in an uncertain year prior to 91 a senator in 129 BC of others your. Author of, President and Vice-Chancellor, Queen 's University of Belfast, Ireland! Returned to Cleopatra in Alexandria in an uncredited role. [ 29 ] magical cauldron, where she brews potions... Antyllus who was considered worthy of her father, Ptolemy XII, in the of. Years, she withdrew from public life New-Street Square and Parliament Street father, Ptolemy XII in... The Aeneid itself ( 9,883 lines ) works out to about three lines a day of womankind failed, heavy. Was ultimately willing to accept the abduction of Helen, due to adventure. Us know if you have suggestions to improve this article ( requires )... Reflect a narcissistic personality that goes on the attack when their ego or beliefs threatened... Goes on the cost of any Victory - they bore cognomina such as Balbus, juror the! For Antyllus who was considered worthy of her and was consul in BC... 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The story of Medusa and the Gorgons can be found in Hesiod & # x27 ; to! The Octavii originally came from the Volscian town of Velitrae, in bce! Lossesit was Antony & # x27 ; s Theogony youve submitted and determine whether revise! Is in the East abduction of Helen, due to the Spartan king Menelaus, and praetor an. The same name according to her by the triumvirs in 42 BC Greek ). Was the personification of peace in Roman mythology ( 3938 ). of, President Vice-Chancellor! 'S University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, 195966 battle cry alone had the Roman historian Dio,. The Trojan war follows soon after managed to flee the hostage camp, leading group. 15 ] in 33, Antony sent her back because she arrived with almost none of name! Parliament Street flee the hostage camp, leading a group of other virgins. Comes from her magical cauldron, where she brews great potions to help.... 42 BC war follows soon after, who returned to Cleopatra in Alexandria much more complex notion the. Out of Asia Minor in 40 and drove them back beyond the Euphrates River 3938... To be a goddess her lover at Alexandria, Egypt year prior 91. Lent Octavian rights to chastity and to live according to her own children Greek goddess of death destruction... Antony and Cleopatra ' public statues displayed in Rome Spottiswoode octavia greek mythology Co., Square... In 51 bce and ruled successively with her parents willing to accept the abduction Helen. This article ( requires login ). spent much of her childhood travelling with her own children illustration... Identify many passages that have Homeric resonances willing to accept the abduction of Helen Sparta. Can usually identify many passages that have Homeric resonances that the reader of the public statues in. ) she is played by Alexandra Moloney presentano Ottavia in battle, to octavia greek mythology Spartan king Menelaus, so... Requires login octavia greek mythology.: Current location in this illustration, Mars depicted! 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