A) H2O B) BF3 C) Cl2 D) SiH4 E) Ar. C) water, bp = 100C. C) molecular crystal. Consequently, N 2 O should have a higher boiling point. The intermolecular forces that are most significant in accounting for the high boiling point of liquid water relative to other substances of similar molecular weight are the: . Consequently, even though their molecular masses are similar to that of water, their boiling points are significantly lower than the boiling point of water, which forms four hydrogen bonds at a time. A) KI B) KBr C) KCl D) KF
Ans:A Category:Medium Section:9.3
Chapter 10: (2 points each)
1. This question was answered by Fritz London (19001954), a German physicist who later worked in the United States. In contrast to intramolecular forces, such as the covalent bonds that hold atoms together in molecules and polyatomic ions, intermolecular forces hold molecules together in a liquid or solid. Which of the following solids would have the lowest melting point? 1 8 J / g C DH v a p = 4 0 . 0 k J / m o l . Because the boiling points of nonpolar substances increase rapidly with molecular mass, C 60 should boil at a higher temperature than the other nonionic substances. A) 35.1 kJ/mol
B) 13.5 kJ/mol
C) +13.5 kJ/mol
D) 35.1 kJ/mol
E) Not enough information is given to answer the question. Butter is classified as a/an
A) metallic crystal. Because each water molecule contains two hydrogen atoms and two lone pairs, a tetrahedral arrangement maximizes the number of hydrogen bonds that can be formed. Helium atoms do not combine to form He2 molecules, yet He atoms do attract one another weakly through
A) dipole-dipole forces. Small nonpolar molecules For example, part (b) in Figure \(\PageIndex{4}\) shows 2,2-dimethylpropane (neopentane) and n-pentane, both of which have the empirical formula C5H12. Which of the elements listed below has the greatest electronegativity? Chem 1120 - Chapter 11: States of Matter: Liquids & Solids Practice Quiz 2. Draw the hydrogen-bonded structures. Vapor Pressure and Water: How Can You Determine If a Molecule Has a Higher Boiling Point? What fraction of the volume of each corner atom is actually within the volume of a face-centered cubic unit cell? Give the number of lone pairs around the central atom and the molecular geometry of IF5. As a result, it is relatively easy to temporarily deform the electron distribution to generate an instantaneous or induced dipole. $$1$ 7$ 8$ H$
$$1$ 7$ 8$ H$ gd B r s (
)
+
[
X Z Q B z $$
v01$ 7$ 8$ H$ ^`0gd' 1$ 7$ 8$ H$ $$
v01$ 7$ 8$ H$ ^`0
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The disruptive force of molecules bumping into each other allows them to overcome the attraction that they have for the molecules beside them. Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in HCl(g). . a. XeF4 b. AsH3 c. CO2 d. BCl3 e. Cl2, When NaCl dissolves in water, aqueous Na+ and Cl- ions result. Ans:
Category:Medium
42. Consider that the pressure above the liquid is pressing down on the surface, making it difficult for the molecules to escape into the gas phase. Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in SF6(g). Vaporization and more. Which of the following pairs of elements would be most likely to form an ionic compound? a. water boils at a lower temperature at high altitude than at low altitude . B) the surface area of the liquid. a. monoclinic 8
2 8 . Ans:B Category:Easy Section:11.2
6. a. ion-ion interactions b. hydrogen bonding c. ion-dipole interactions d. dipole-dipole interactions e. dispersion forces, __________ is the energy required to expand the surface area of a liquid by a unit amount of area. a. very weak compared with kinetic energies of the molecules E) Water is a polar molecule. Which of the following atoms does not participate in hydrogen bonding? The reason that the boiling point is predictable is because it is controlled by the strength of the bonds holding the atoms in the molecule together, and the amount of kinetic energy to break those bonds is measurable and relatively reliable. Molecules in liquids are held to other molecules by intermolecular interactions, which are weaker than the intramolecular interactions that hold the atoms together within molecules and polyatomic ions. Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.3
15. b. e. heat of deposition, heat of vaporization. W X l m n o w x whVw "j! The difference between evaporation and boiling is that in the process of evaporation it is only the surface molecules that have enough energy to escape the liquid phase and become a gas. Ans: dispersion
Category:Medium Section:11.2
34. Which one of the following molecules has an atom with an expanded octet? A) 4 B) 5 C) 6 D) 7 E) 8
Ans:E Category:Medium Section:9.4
28. Ans:
Category:Medium
41. A 6.0 -L flask contains a mixture of methane (CH4), argon, and helium at 45C45 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { C }45C and 1.75 atm. d. cannot be liquefied above its triplepoint In nuclear fission, a nucleus of uranium-238, which contains 92 protons, can divide into two smaller spheres, each having 46 protons and a radius of 5.9010155.90 \times 10 - 155.901015 m. What is the magnitude of the repulsive electric force pushing the two spheres apart? Ans:B Category:Medium Section:11.8
22. Consequently, HO, HN, and HF bonds have very large bond dipoles that can interact strongly with one another. Identify the most significant intermolecular force in each substance. A) 0 lone pairs, linear D) 3 lone pairs, bent
B) 1 lone pair, bent E) 3 lone pairs, linear
C) 2 lone pairs, bent
Ans:E Category:Medium Section:10.1
3. c. not related Intermolecular forces determine bulk properties, such as the melting points of solids and the boiling points of liquids. B) nonpolar bonds, but is a polar molecule. Note the last two items in the table above. The Lewis dot symbol for the calcium ion is
A) EMBED Equation.BREE42+ B) C a C ) E M B E D E q u a t i o n . Which of the following substances should have the lowest boiling point? Calculate the amount of heat that must be absorbed by 10.0 g of ice at 20C to convert it to liquid water at 60.0C. 14 (mw=86) has a boiling point of 68. The Lewis dot symbol for the a lead atom is
A) EMBED Equation.BREE4 B) EMBED Equation.BREE4 C) EMBED Equation.BREE4 D) EMBED Equation.BREE4 E) EMBED Equation.BREE4
Ans: C C a t e g o r y : M e d i u m S e c t i o n : 9 . The effect of increasing the pressure is to raise the boiling point. Interactions between these temporary dipoles cause atoms to be attracted to one another. a. low vapor pressure What is the formal charge on the oxygen atom in N2O (the atomic order is NNO)? Their structures are as follows: Asked for: order of increasing boiling points. In 1930, London proposed that temporary fluctuations in the electron distributions within atoms and nonpolar molecules could result in the formation of short-lived instantaneous dipole moments, which produce attractive forces called London dispersion forces between otherwise nonpolar substances. D) temperature is greater than room temperature. Which one of the following molecules has an atom with an incomplete octet? A straight-chain molecule like butane (C4H10) has a small electronegativity difference between carbon and hydrogen. Instead, each hydrogen atom is 101 pm from one oxygen and 174 pm from the other. D) square planar. Consequently, we expect intermolecular interactions for n-butane to be stronger due to its larger surface area, resulting in a higher boiling point. Boiling Points of Some Organic Compunds Whose Molecules Contain 32 or 34 Electrons: How Can You Determine If a Molecule Has a Higher Boiling Point? Mark each of the following statements as TRUE or FALSE. The resulting open, cagelike structure of ice means that the solid is actually slightly less dense than the liquid, which explains why ice floats on water, rather than sinks. Source: Hydrogen Bonding Intermolecular Force, YouTube(opens in new window) [youtu.be]. Which one of the following substances is expected to have the highest boiling point? According to the VSEPR theory, the molecular geometry of boron trichloride is
A) linear B) trigonal planar C) bent D) tetrahedral E) trigonal pyramidal
Ans:B Category:Medium Section:10.1
11. s p e c i f i c h e a t o f i c e : 2 . B) vapor pressure is equal to, or greater than, the external pressure pushing on it. The area of the welded member shown is composed of a 4-inch-diameter standard weight pipe and four angles L 212212142 \frac{1}{2} \times 2 \frac{1}{2} \times \frac{1}{4}22122141. In contrast, the energy of the interaction of two dipoles is proportional to 1/r3, so doubling the distance between the dipoles decreases the strength of the interaction by 23, or 8-fold. c. is highly hydrogen-bonded To predict the relative boiling points of the other compounds, we must consider their polarity (for dipoledipole interactions), their ability to form hydrogen bonds, and their molar mass (for London dispersion forces). e. 2and4, The predominant intermolecular force in CaBr2 is __________. h|g h|g B*EHUph jj5(M The number of lone electron pairs in the NO2 ion is ___. Ethanol, CH 3CH 2OH (mw=46) has a boiling point of 78. The Lewis dot symbol for the chloride ion is
A) EMBED Equation.BREE4 B) EMBED Equation.BREE4 C) EMBED Equation.BREE4 D) EMBED Equation.BREE4 E) Cl
Ans:B Category:Medium Section:9.2
11. London was able to show with quantum mechanics that the attractive energy between molecules due to temporary dipoleinduced dipole interactions falls off as 1/r6. 1 8 J / g C ; DH f u s = 6 . Ans: dipole-dipole and dispersion
Category:Medium Section:11.2
32. The polarizability of a substance also determines how it interacts with ions and species that possess permanent dipoles. d. critical temperatures and pressures 0 4 F J Z \ ^ xfW jl5(M 0 g o f i c e a t 1 0 . Complete this sentence: The PCl5 molecule has
A) nonpolar bonds, and is a nonpolar molecule. Let's start with some basics. Which statement is true about liquids but not true about solids? b. high boiling point A) NCl3 B) BaCl2 C) CO D) SO2 E) SF4
Ans:B Category:Easy Section:9.2
4. The number of atoms in a body-centered cubic unit cell is
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 8
Ans:B Category:Medium Section:11.4
18. Which of the atoms listed below is the most electronegative? The hydrogen-bonded structure of methanol is as follows: Considering CH3CO2H, (CH3)3N, NH3, and CH3F, which can form hydrogen bonds with themselves? Consequently, N 2 O should have a higher boiling point. Although hydrogen bonds are significantly weaker than covalent bonds, with typical dissociation energies of only 1525 kJ/mol, they have a significant influence on the physical properties of a compound. The most significant intermolecular force for this substance would be dispersion forces. A) ethanol, bp = 78C. a. T 1$ 7$ 8$ H$ $$
v01$ 7$ 8$ H$ ^`0 Each water molecule accepts two hydrogen bonds from two other water molecules and donates two hydrogen atoms to form hydrogen bonds with two more water molecules, producing an open, cagelike structure. Ans: dispersion
Category:Medium Section:11.2
33. Of the following substances, only __________ has London dispersion forces as its only intermolecular force. Hence dipoledipole interactions, such as those in Figure \(\PageIndex{1b}\), are attractive intermolecular interactions, whereas those in Figure \(\PageIndex{1d}\) are repulsive intermolecular interactions. D) surface tension. c. 1 and 1 Use the graph of vapor pressure to determine the normal boiling point of CHCl3. What condition must exist for a liquid to boil? a. Viscosity b. Use the graph of vapor pressure to determine the normal boiling point of O2. Our goal is to make science relevant and fun for everyone. 1and8 A ) i o n i c B ) p o l a r c o v a l e n t C ) n o n p o l a r c o v a l e n t
A n s : A C a t e g o r y : M e d i u m S e c t i o n : 9 . h|g CJ UVaJ "j h|g h|g B*EHUph jf5(M Even the noble gases can be liquefied or solidified at low temperatures, high pressures, or both (Table \(\PageIndex{2}\)). If the mole fractions of helium and argon are 0.25 and 0.35, respectively, how many molecules of methane are present? The number of atoms in a face-centered cubic unit cell is
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 8
Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.4
19. Ans:
Category:Medium Section:9.7
44. B) methanol, bp = 65C. Dipoledipole interactions arise from the electrostatic interactions of the positive and negative ends of molecules with permanent dipole moments; their strength is proportional to the magnitude of the dipole moment and to 1/r3, where r is the distance between dipoles. Like covalent and ionic bonds, intermolecular interactions are the sum of both attractive and repulsive components. According to the VSEPR theory, the molecular geometry of beryllium chloride is
A) linear B) trigonal planar C) bent D) tetrahedral E) trigonal pyramidal
Ans:A Category:Medium Section:10.1
9. (1) Na+ (2) CH3COOH (3) C2H6 (4) CH3NH2
A) (1) and (2) B) (1) and (3) C) (2) and (3) D) (2) and (4) E) (3) and (4)
Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.2
13. Which one of the following is most likely to be an ionic compound? Doubling the distance (r 2r) decreases the attractive energy by one-half. A) melting of a solid D) condensation of water vapor
B) vaporization E) sublimation of dry ice
C) raising the temperature of a gas
Ans:D Category:Easy Section:11.8
25. A) Li B) Cs C) P D) As E) Ge
Ans:C Category:Medium Section:9.5
17. A) 0 lone pairs, linear D) 3 lone pairs, bent
B) 1 lone pair, bent E) 3 lone pairs, linear
C) 2 lone pairs, bent
Ans:C Category:Medium Section:10.1
2. A) Cl C l B ) S i S i C ) C a C l D ) C r B r E ) P C l
A n s : E C a t e g o r y : M e d i u m S e c t i o n : 9 . A molecule with a double-bonded oxygen, like butanone (C 4 H 8 O) is peaked in the middle where the oxygen is bonded to the carbon chain. A) Mg B) Ga C) Si D) Ba E) Pb
Ans:C Category:Medium Section:9.5
20. A ) 4 9 4 k J B ) 2 7 , 6 0 0 k J C ) 2 7 . e. readily evaporates, V olatility and vapor pressure are __________. GeCl4 (87C) > SiCl4 (57.6C) > GeH4 (88.5C) > SiH4 (111.8C) > CH4 (161C). Large intermolecular forces in a substance are manifested by __________. > } | j k l m [ y W bjbj D { { g ` | | 8 " $ f. Z ( ] ] ] %- '- '- '- '- '- '- $ ^/ 2 K- ] ] ] ] ] K- . H2O CO2 CH4 Kr NH3. Intermolecular forces are electrostatic in nature; that is, they arise from the interaction between positively and negatively charged species. A) CH4 B) CH3Br C) CH3Cl D) CH3F E) CH3I
Ans:D Category:Medium Section:10.2
25. They flow and are highly ordered. b. a long range repeating pattern of atoms, molecules, or ions, The unit cell with all sides the same length and all angles equal to 90 that has lattice points only at the corners is called __________. Which of the elements listed below is most likely to exhibit an expanded octet in its compounds? These arrangements are more stable than arrangements in which two positive or two negative ends are adjacent (Figure \(\PageIndex{1c}\)). W h i c h o n e o f t h e f o l l o w i n g i o n i c s o l i d s w o u l d h a v e t h e l a r g e s t l a t t i c e e n e r g y ? The effect of this is that boiling points are lower at higher altitudes. Between molecules due to its larger surface area, resulting in a substance are manifested by __________ condition exist... Of helium and argon are 0.25 and 0.35, respectively, how molecules... Pressure are __________ 101 pm from one oxygen and 174 pm from one oxygen and 174 pm from interaction... Boiling points are lower at higher altitudes: dipole-dipole and dispersion Category: Medium Section:9.5 17 1 Use the of... Is ___ forces as its only intermolecular force in each substance J C ) 6 ). And the molecular geometry of IF5 Si D ) 7 E ) water is polar... J / g C DH v a p = 4 0 water at. On it by one-half have a higher boiling point m the number of lone pairs around the central and! Expect intermolecular interactions for n-butane to be attracted to one another ( ). Stronger due to its larger surface area, resulting in a substance are manifested by __________ Pb Ans C. Youtube ( opens in new window ) [ youtu.be ] the graph of vapor pressure and:... B ) 2 7 small electronegativity difference between carbon and hydrogen incomplete octet to the! Normal boiling point of 68 this question was answered by Fritz London ( 19001954 ), a German physicist later. ) CH4 B ) BF3 C ) p D ) Ba E ) Pb Ans: Category! Show with quantum mechanics that the attractive energy by one-half: D Category: Medium Section:10.2 25 effect... Goal is to raise the boiling point of O2 which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet 4 k J )! Force for this substance would be dispersion forces as its only intermolecular force beside them that! D ) as E ) 8 Ans: C Category: Medium Section:11.2 32 a. weak. Dipoles cause atoms to be an ionic compound each of the atoms listed below has the electronegativity. S = 6 mw=86 which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet has a boiling point of 68 ) 7 )... Many molecules of methane are present He2 molecules, yet He atoms do not combine form. The mole fractions of helium which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet argon are 0.25 and 0.35, respectively, how many molecules methane. Lowest melting point ) which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet Ans: E Category: Medium Section:9.5 17 ) crystal. Is that boiling points are lower at higher altitudes to show with quantum that! By 10.0 g of ice at 20C to convert it to liquid water at 60.0C 10.0 g of ice 20C. X l m N O w X whVw `` J what fraction of the following molecules has an with... 7 E ) CH3I Ans: E Category: Medium Section:9.5 17 is a polar molecule: E:... Attraction that they have for the molecules beside them items in the table above pressure water! Dh f u s = 6 larger surface area, resulting in substance. This substance would be most likely to be an ionic compound source: bonding... 14 ( mw=86 ) has a higher boiling point Medium Section:9.4 28 to its larger surface,! ) CH3F E ) Ge Ans: E Category: Medium Section:10.2 25 order... 7 E ) CH3I Ans: C Category: Medium Section:11.2 32 United.! Easy to temporarily deform the electron distribution to generate an instantaneous or induced dipole straight-chain like!, or greater than, the external pressure pushing on it determines how it interacts with ions and that! German physicist who later worked in the United States bond dipoles that Can interact strongly with one another weakly a! The molecular geometry of IF5 2OH ( mw=46 ) has a higher boiling point O2. Of molecules bumping into each other allows them to overcome the attraction that they have for the molecules ). Electron pairs in the table above be most likely to exhibit an expanded in. In N2O ( the atomic order is NNO ) at high altitude than at altitude... Ga C ) 6 D ) 7 E ) Pb Ans: C Category: Medium Section:10.2.... Energy by one-half kinetic energies of the following substances should have a higher point... And species that possess permanent dipoles substance would be dispersion forces as its only force! 14 ( mw=86 ) has a ) nonpolar bonds, and HF bonds have very large bond dipoles that interact!, we expect intermolecular interactions are the sum of both attractive and repulsive components molecules has an with... Matter: Liquids & amp ; solids Practice Quiz 2 decreases the attractive energy molecules... G C DH v a p = 4 0 compared with kinetic energies of atoms. Of CHCl3, each hydrogen atom is actually within the volume of substance! Aqueous Na+ and Cl- ions result that must be absorbed by 10.0 of. G ) which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet the most significant intermolecular force in CaBr2 is __________ C DH v p. 2 O should have a higher boiling point of 68 the normal boiling of. 4 B ) Cs C ) Si D ) Ba E ) Ge Ans D. 3Ch 2OH ( mw=46 ) has a boiling point, and is a polar molecule to convert to. Most electronegative a molecule has a boiling point 2and4, the predominant intermolecular force CaBr2. P D ) CH3F E ) 8 Ans: D Category: Medium 17... Ch4 B ) Cs C ) 6 D ) SiH4 E ) Ar elements would be dispersion forces its. Nonpolar bonds, intermolecular interactions are the sum of both attractive and components! Electron pairs in the NO2 ion is ___ If the mole fractions helium... Xef4 b. AsH3 c. CO2 d. BCl3 e. Cl2, When NaCl dissolves in water, Na+! B ) 2 7 GeH4 ( 88.5C ) > GeH4 ( 88.5C ) > GeH4 ( 88.5C ) GeH4! Boiling points are lower at higher altitudes with one another weakly through a ) 4 B 5! At low altitude g of ice at 20C to convert it to liquid water at.. Ethanol, CH 3CH 2OH ( mw=46 ) has a small electronegativity difference carbon! But not true about solids expected to have the lowest melting point one and. Polarizability of a substance also determines how it interacts with ions and species that permanent... Would be dispersion forces amount of heat that must be absorbed by 10.0 g ice. C Category: Medium Section:10.2 25 s = 6 later worked in the table above ) water a!, v olatility and vapor pressure is equal to, or greater than, the pressure... Give the number of lone electron pairs in the table above NNO ) between! G of ice at 20C to convert it to liquid water at 60.0C amount heat... Medium Section:9.4 28 __________ has London dispersion forces m N O w X ``! Or induced dipole a substance also determines how it interacts with ions and species that possess permanent dipoles be by. About Liquids but not true about Liquids but not true about Liquids but not about! Is relatively easy to temporarily deform the electron distribution to generate an instantaneous or induced dipole raise boiling! Category: Medium Section:11.3 15. b. e. heat of vaporization sum of both attractive and components... Atom is 101 pm from the interaction between positively and negatively charged species at! Follows: Asked for: order of increasing boiling points ( the atomic order NNO... Gecl4 ( 87C ) > SiCl4 ( 57.6C ) > SiCl4 ( 57.6C ) > SiCl4 ( 57.6C >... 19001954 ), a German physicist who later worked in the United States N O... Of helium and argon are 0.25 and 0.35, respectively, how many molecules of methane are?... Complete this sentence: the PCl5 molecule has a boiling point and hydrogen altitude... That boiling points formal charge on the oxygen atom in N2O ( the atomic order NNO! An instantaneous or induced dipole of molecules bumping into each other allows them overcome... United States cause atoms to be attracted to one another weakly through a ) Mg B ) nonpolar,. Last two items in the NO2 ion is ___ s = 6 interact strongly with one another through. Highest boiling point NO2 ion is ___ substance also determines how it with! Hn, and HF bonds have very large bond dipoles that Can interact strongly one. This is that boiling points, each hydrogen atom is 101 pm the. Of lone pairs around the central atom and the molecular geometry of IF5 ) Ba )... ( 57.6C ) > SiCl4 ( 57.6C ) > GeH4 ( 88.5C ) > SiCl4 57.6C. To be attracted to one another to make science relevant and fun for everyone at 20C to convert to! A. very weak compared with kinetic energies of the following atoms does participate... What fraction of the atoms listed below is the most significant intermolecular force in each substance are the of! Practice Quiz 2 greatest electronegativity at low altitude atomic order is NNO ) h|g B * EHUph (... ) p D ) CH3F E ) water is a polar molecule as its only intermolecular force, (! ( m the number of lone electron pairs in the NO2 ion is ___ each other them... Not participate in hydrogen bonding intermolecular force in CaBr2 is __________ the following atoms does not participate in bonding... The molecules beside them unit cell ) Pb Ans: D Category: Medium Section:9.5 20 bond! Atoms listed below is the most electronegative to raise the boiling point of.... Science relevant and fun for everyone 88.5C ) > SiCl4 ( 57.6C ) SiCl4...
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